How does hashing algorithms support secure password storage?

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How does hashing algorithms support secure password storage?

Asked on Oct 25, 2025

Answer

Hashing algorithms are crucial for secure password storage as they transform passwords into fixed-size strings of characters, which are difficult to reverse-engineer. This process ensures that even if a database is compromised, the original passwords remain protected. Hashing algorithms like SHA-256 or bcrypt are commonly used in compliance with frameworks such as NIST SP 800-63 for secure password management.

Example Concept: Hashing algorithms convert plain text passwords into a hashed format that cannot be easily reversed, providing a layer of security against unauthorized access. When a user logs in, the system hashes the entered password and compares it to the stored hash, ensuring that the actual password is never exposed or stored in its original form. This method significantly reduces the risk of password theft in case of data breaches.

Additional Comment:

Hashing should be combined with salting, which adds random data to each password before hashing to prevent attacks using precomputed tables (rainbow tables).
Regularly update and audit hashing algorithms to ensure they meet current security standards and resist known vulnerabilities.
Consider using adaptive hashing algorithms like bcrypt, which allow for adjusting the computational cost to increase security over time.

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